{"id":7,"date":"2018-07-09T20:33:06","date_gmt":"2018-07-09T20:33:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rop.org\/?page_id=7"},"modified":"2020-12-22T16:17:38","modified_gmt":"2020-12-23T00:17:38","slug":"our-history","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rop.org\/vi\/our-history\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"m\u1ed9t

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L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta: S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a D\u1ef1 \u00e1n T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n 1991-2004<\/h1>\n<\/header>\n
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Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/b><\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, phe C\u00e1nh t\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u1eed tri, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1eed tri \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n (nay l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ecf\u201d). B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c c\u1eed tri n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u00e2ng - nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. Trong h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m, D\u1ef1 \u00e1n T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf Oregon, 10th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/sup> ti\u1ec3u bang l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 36 qu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

R\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90, Oregon \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u201cc\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d. M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng khai. N\u0103m 1992, Li\u00ean minh C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Oregon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean to\u00e0n ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 sai tr\u00e1i\u201d v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cth\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Oregon, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tia s\u00e1ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. Nh\u01b0ng phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Oregon.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Oregon \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u1eb3n sang ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1992. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Suy tho\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o g\u1ed7. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u teo t\u00f3p. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai k\u1ebft th\u00fac. V\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra do khai th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ed7 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed7 c\u0169 \u1edf T\u00e2y B\u1eafc Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng m\u1edbi h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam Hoa K\u1ef3. N\u1ed7i \u0111au kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Oregon kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng cho c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ngay l\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng nh\u01b0 c\u00fa \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf trong khi h\u1ecd v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb xen v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u00fd. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n g\u1ed7, ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n xe ch\u1edf g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n Li\u00ean bang v\u1ec1 c\u00fa \u0111\u1ed1m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c green \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tinh hoa c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u00edch u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u01b0a th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ecd x\u00edt h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. Phong tr\u00e0o l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7, ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf g\u1ed7 m\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf Oregon \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a danh ti\u1ebfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u00f4n h\u00f2a n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Oregon, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ch\u1ee9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 c\u1ef1u Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Tom McCall, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 Mark Hatfield v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. Bob Packwood. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4n h\u00f2a, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i, v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Oregon \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn h\u1eefu c\u01a1, th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb xa. Nh\u01b0ng khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a thay th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n - s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh doanh nh\u1ecf b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat v\u00e0o qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u201cphi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i\u201d m\u1edbi, \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng quan t\u00e2m \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do\u201d l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed\u201d, x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, kinh doanh nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, phong tr\u00e0o b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u201cQuy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi\u201d qu\u1ed1c gia. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn - C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Qu\u1eadn Columbia<\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Oregon ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Richard Viguerie hay Pat Robertson hay s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u1ea5c thang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chia r\u1ebd c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gay g\u1eaft. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 7 gi\u1edd. Vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, trong c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n ti\u1ec3u bang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng leo thang khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 trong th\u1eddi gian di\u1ec5n ra bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef 8 \u00bd \u201dx 11\u201d tr\u00ean c\u1eeda k\u00ednh xe h\u01a1i kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda hai b\u00f3ng nam gi\u1edbi \u0111ang quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eadu m\u00f4n v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u d\u1eebng xe qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf qua h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng d\u00e1n c\u1ea3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia \u0111\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi - ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t 'nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi' k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n ti\u1ec3u bang. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90, Qu\u1eadn Columbia, \u1edf g\u00f3c t\u00e2y b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Oregon, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a 37.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea3y th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf, l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a bang (s\u1eafp ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng), ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 \u0111ang thu h\u1eb9p, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean 10% v\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ai s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c\u2026 Hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y B\u1eafc, H\u1ea1t Columbia d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hy v\u1ecdng quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 20th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/sup> th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u1edf H\u1ea1t Columbia \u0111\u00e3 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1991, n\u01a1i 300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u thuy\u1ebft s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m chung c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 trong tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u2026 V\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1991, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ed1ng nhau) \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nhau trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau t\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c trong ti\u1ec3u bang, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng hi\u1ebfp n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Trung t\u00e2m T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Qu\u1eadn Columbia (CCWRC). V\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, CCWRC \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Oregon \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng qua s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf H\u1ea1t Columbia lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y: ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y: k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb cam k\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng dung th\u1ee9 cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 - m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m, \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec3m chung l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh n\u1eef. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u sau, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi da m\u00e0u, C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh n\u1eef v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecb t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho h\u1ecd vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7y hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111ang t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tham gia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 cho m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 'nh\u1ecf' nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng ai trong ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat th\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu cho ai trong nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u1eeb th\u01b0 k\u00fd qu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n H\u1ea1t Columbia v\u00ec Nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ec1n (ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n). Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea7u c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau. Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea7u ban ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u201cch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn ra ngo\u00e0i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i Li\u00ean minh C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Oregon, nh\u00f3m c\u1ef1c h\u1eefu t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a D\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 9 ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh l\u00ean l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng qua quy tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng khai. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n si\u00eau th\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp ch\u1eef k\u00fd cho bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i: trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c "ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o". Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ch\u1eef k\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u201cb\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m\u201d, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng khai li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i trong c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, m\u1eabu ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o b\u00e1o ch\u00ed th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n 100 \u201cg\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u201d m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u1eb9o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tham gia c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi xem m\u1ed7i \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 h\u1ecd t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m. C\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 in c\u00e1c b\u00e0i x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn, b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 vui v\u1ebb. Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tham gia, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Qu\u1eadn Columbia v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111an xen c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed t\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, hi\u1ebfm khi c\u1ea7n th\u1eed th\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i cam k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i hy v\u1ecdng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Oregon nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1eed th\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n<\/b><\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Qu\u1eadn Columbia trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1991-93 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Oregon, v\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00fd do t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Tr\u00ean to\u00e0n khu v\u1ef1c, c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o \u0111ang v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng - \u0111\u1eb1ng sau bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean to\u00e0n ti\u1ec3u bang c\u1ee7a OCA, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u00f4n h\u00f2a. V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi h\u01a1n, h\u00e0ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. M\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c 'ngh\u1ec1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe' nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n suy tho\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ACORN trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t trong phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n H\u1ea1t Columbia th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c tan r\u00e3 cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd, v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1edf ph\u00eda sau. H\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m suy tho\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ef1 do truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1eed tri n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u00fang, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef giao ti\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n \u00e1i. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Do s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 Oregon thu h\u00fat xung quanh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a OCA, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. N\u0103m1992, Susanne Pharr \u0111\u1ebfn Oregon t\u1eeb D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf Arkansas, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u1edf ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi Li\u00ean minh Oregon Ch\u1ed1ng B\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c T\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 Gia \u0111\u00ecnh. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e2ng cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Oregon.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u xung quanh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a OCA, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Scott Nakagawa c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh v\u00ec Nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tr\u1ea3i qua lo\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e2ng cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u1ed5i l\u00ean xung quanh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1993, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 H\u1ecdp k\u00edn \u1edf N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, quy t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp ti\u1ec3u bang. T\u1ea1i phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, D\u1ef1 \u00e1n T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi h\u01a1n 40 nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c Nh\u00f3m Nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh xung quanh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c khan hi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch $18.000 trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 $200.000 \/ n\u0103m) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 tinh g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m Nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ecdp nhau trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch, t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0, l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean quan g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra kh\u00f4ng gian cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

ROP \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i n\u00eam m\u00e0 c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chia r\u1ebd c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb B\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi 1) Quy t\u1eafc \u0111a s\u1ed1 2) Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 3) M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 4) M\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t L\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

ROP \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, giai c\u1ea5p, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh. V\u00ec ROP \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 50 nh\u00f3m t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 e-mail. M\u1ecdi nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1eeb v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ed5 v\u0169 cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt c\u1eb1n nh\u1eb1n khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i kh\u1ecfi danh s\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng minh<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1995, c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Oregon PCUN (Pineros y Campesinos Unidos del Noroeste) \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thu ho\u1ea1ch d\u00e2u t\u00e2y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Oregon. ROP \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m trong to\u00e0n khu v\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1992, PCUN \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh n\u1eef trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh nam c\u1ee7a OCA, gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a phe c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00eam gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia. C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2u t\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, ROP \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi CAUSA, nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1eadt b\u00e1nh trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng theo D\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt 187 kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a California.<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ROP \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi CAUSA v\u00e0 PCUN \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a INS v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997. N\u0103m 2001, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 Oregon Gordon Smith R v\u00e0 Ron Wyden D cho m\u1ed9t 'ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1ch-nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean' d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean trong 'ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ni\u1ec1ng r\u0103ng' kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i lu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u t\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cnh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Latinh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m chi\u1ebfn binh c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u01b0 PCUN v\u00e0 CAUSA. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p, v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tranh c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a George Wallace n\u0103m 1968 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xung quanh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 thai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ROP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh n\u1eef, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00fa s\u1ed1c cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n 'da tr\u1eafng' tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng da m\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. (D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n 2005)<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/b><\/p>\n

ROP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ba n\u0103m qua. Trong khi c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n ti\u1ec3u bang b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Li\u00ean minh C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Oregon b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Oregon. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1994 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u00f4n h\u00f2a trong c\u01a1 quan l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p bang, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1eed tri th\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 c\u1ef1c h\u1eefu \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng thu\u1ebf, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u00fay ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua h\u01a1n hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 suy tho\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ROP \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. Nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ROP \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb xoay quanh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Khi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, ROP \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ROP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 trong phong tr\u00e0o t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn chung, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 do d\u1ef1, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, ch\u1eadm ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a phe b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Do \u0111\u00f3, Oregon ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u00e3 thua m\u1ecdi tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u00fay c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n ti\u1ec3u bang \u1edf Oregon ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u00f4n h\u00f2a n\u1eafm gi\u1eef, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 quan l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p, cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ec3u bang. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ed1ng thu\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u01a1 s\u1edf thu\u1ebf, chuy\u1ec3n g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng thu\u1ebf t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n sang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb khi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u1edf Oregon v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2001 - nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do r\u00fat lui t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, thua trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 khi Oregon thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f9i v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ed9 ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u0103m h\u1ecdc ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Sau ng\u00e0y 11\/9 - M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn?<\/b><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a George W Bush, v\u1ee5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 11\/9, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Afghanistan v\u00e0 Iraq - nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Oregon, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. Phong tr\u00e0o b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90 \u0111ang n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1edbi. Ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf Oregon \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 hu\u00fdt s\u00e1o \u0111i qua ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft t\u1eeb l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a 'ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 hai \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i'. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do \u00f4n h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng c\u00fa s\u1ed1c trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp sau l\u01b0ng T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng sau v\u1ee5 11\/9, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n v\u00e0 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2003, Oregon \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u1edf Portland. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Oregon, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh t\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Oregon, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ROP t\u1eadp trung \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n cao b\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 Burns, Pendleton, Baker v\u00e0 Dalles ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ng ROP. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt PATRIOT c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n ti\u1ec3u bang cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u0103m 2004<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2004, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m bao tr\u00f9m trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Bush. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ROP, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tham gia phong tr\u00e0o \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee6y ban D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Oregon, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

ROP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf xung quanh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ea7u c\u1eed. ROP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ef1 do. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ROP l\u00e2u n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? Trong ba th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2004, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n ti\u1ec3u bang. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cam k\u1ebft tham gia \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed trong n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo: m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fat n\u00f3ng. C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ebf, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi, chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf Iraq ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt PATRIOT theo c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba nh\u00f3m: #1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. #2 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eed tri lung lay, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Iraq v\u00e0 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh. #3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng ghi ch\u00fa C\u1ea3m \u01a1n v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu cam k\u1ebft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t h\u01a1n 40.000 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho c\u1eed tri th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p B\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Oregon, bao g\u1ed3m D\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt 36, l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3y nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m ROP \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u1ea3n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c xung quanh ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, khi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho ph\u00e9p. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, h\u01a1n 500 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tham gia. 3300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t. H\u01a1n 800 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. ROP \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang l\u1ebb cho t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \/ tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean b\u1eadc c\u1eeda. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n sau \u0111\u00e2y cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi c\u1eeda tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t (kho\u1ea3ng 15%) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh s\u00e1ch c\u1eed tri c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i v\u00ec qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm.<\/p>\n

Lynn Stephens, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oregon, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u D\u1ef1 \u00e1n T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n cho bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t:<\/p>\n

\u201cK\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb 3.347 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu l\u1edbn v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng - r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng so v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u1eed tri s\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 theo nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u201d<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u0103m 2004 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ROP, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Khi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ROP c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a Bush th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh dung ra m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, ngay c\u1ea3 khi Bush chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng Ch\u00edn, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft ng\u1eafn c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o s\u1ebd l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat c\u1eed tri \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. H\u00f3a ra, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thu h\u00fat c\u1eed tri m\u1edbi xung quanh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ROP c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c thu h\u00fat m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho d\u00f9 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra hay kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh trong ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ti\u1ebfp theo, v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 chung th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c George W. Bush t\u00e1i \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trong \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. Loanh quanh gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 'c\u1eed tri \u0111u d\u00e2y' v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 phe c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ROP \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 Oregon cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng 'r\u1eebng r\u1eadm' nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. V\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u1ec3u bang m\u00e0u xanh lam-bang m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

- Marcy Westerling, 2004<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Our History: the Evolution of the Rural Organizing Project 1991-2004 \u00a0 Values According to conventional wisdom, the Left fails to talk values with voters, particularly voters in rural (now \u201cred\u201d) communities. Beneath this popular story line is a more complex reality. Rural voters care about values, yes \u2013 but those values are not necessarily conservative. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rop.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rop.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rop.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rop.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rop.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rop.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rop.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}